Low Morale of Prisoners

The jail workers security is in peril. Jail positions consistently conveyed a moderate measure of hazard. Jails are loaded up with individuals who accept that rules and guidelines fill no need. These individuals abused the principles to the degree that they were expelled from society. Prisoners never deny nor apologize for their conduct. Rationalizing boorish conduct permits the low spirit to never be recognized. Declining to recognize the low spirit issue among detainees prevents arrangements from being conceivable. Reasons for the Low Morale Among Prisoners There are the same number of outside impacts for the low confidence of detainees as their own convictions and opinions. Giving in to effectively to influence, needing to be acknowledged, needing companions and partners are the elements that are least recognized. Therapists analyze conduct and attributes by social abilities. Be that as it may, needing to have companions and please individuals leaves an opening to be impacted into unsuitable conduct. Today, nobody can be sure if partners are truly companions or foes. A portion of the current investigations are psychological maladjustments, ailing health, seclusion, watches conduct and absence of recovery and mental projects are making detainees have a lower respect for human life. Mental games the watchmen use to make the detainees lose their independence and center add to low morale. The framework is set up so the detainees temper never improves. Isolation in Maximum Security Prisons In most extreme security jails, Å"The detainees go through 23 hours per day in little sufficiently bright cells, for one hour daily they approach one little solid diversion area  (Bender, November 4, 2005, P 15). According to the investigation from Psychiatric News, isolation compounds conduct. With conditions like these, the detainees learn is in the event that they endure one more day, they are doing the privilege thing. They lose all information on social abilities. The main emotional wellness treatment they are permitted is a short time with the psychotherapists. The directing is led before different prisoners cells. Absence of treatment for medication and liquor habit is another issue in the detainment facilities. Å"So far, one detainee who more than once winds up in jail cost citizens over $200,00  ( Imse, 2007). The framework does almost no to address the circumstance. The medication addicts can't conquer the propensity all alone. As indicated by the Rocky Mountain News, the costs of the drug and treatment is one reason numerous detainees don't get the correct treatment they need. As per the Human Rights Watch article, detainees went through at any rate 23 hours during their every day exercises along. Most of harm to the detainees is mental. There is next to no or no proof of physical maltreatment. Mental embarrassment and torment is difficult to demonstrate. End Most extreme security detainees have a low spirit due to the mental maltreatment they experience for a long time. As indicated by the most recent examination, disconnection has the greatest effect on detainees conduct. They are separated, however are continually viewed. Individuals in most extreme security detainment facilities are isolated on the grounds that they have came across insider facts they shouldn't. Drinking spree, E, Psychiatric News (November 4, 2005), Volume 40, Number 21, P 15 © 2005 American Psychiatric Association Human Rights Watch (2000) HWR.ORG Imse, A, (Feb 16, 2007) Rocky Mountain News. Spinning Door to State Prisons Human Rights Watch, (February 2000) Vol. 12, No 1 G Far out: Super-Maximum Security Confinement in the United States

A Rose for Emily -Characterization

A Rose for Emily - Characterization William Faulkner's A Rose for Emily utilizes the character Emily Grierson to show differentiate between the over a wide span of time, explicitly of her life as it might have been, in the town of Jefferson, found some place in the southern United States.The storyteller starts with the memorial service of Emily. Miss Emily is alluded to as a fallen landmark (ARE 531, NIL). This demonstrates to us that Emily spoke to what was left of the noticeable Grierson name, long time, and upstanding residents in the town of Jefferson. She was the perfect of past qualities yet fallen, due to her passing.Emily is the result of a prior period and encircle herself with tokens of the past. After the passing of her dad, his colored pencil picture is given unmistakable quality in her home and is hung over her casket upon her death.The picture of Emily attempting to keep down the infringement of new ages is appeared in the depiction of her home, which is of a customary style manor, of southern wealthy fam ilies, regardless of being encircled by fresher buildings.English: Emily RoseFaulkner states: Just Miss Emily's home was left, lifting its obstinate teasing rot about the cotton carts and the gas siphons (ARE 532, NIL). Her house was a blemish among the more up to date, yet various structures in her neighborhood.A depiction of her home the house scents of residue and neglect a nearby, damp smell (ARE 532, NIL) and a portrayal of Emily comparable to her house is uncovered by the storyteller She looked enlarged like a body since quite a while ago lowered in unmoving water, and of that palled shade (ARE 532, NIL). We can see the correlation of the two and discover they are intently related.Emily didn't generally have a dreary utilized appearance. In the colored pencil picture Emily with her dad, which hung in...

Influences of Mlk’s I Have a Dream Speech

Racial isolation alongside social fairness has been of the numerous issues in the United States since the country was shaped. In contrast to most different issues in this nation, isolation was managed to a degree however in the end went to a total stop. Blacks were all the while being dealt with inconsistent in the United States, compelled to submit to outlandish guidelines or would confront merciless discipline. These guidelines were available in almost every open office, walkway, transports, and even bathrooms.Although each individual of the white race didn't concur with the utilization of isolation, nobody had the mental fortitude to stand up and persuade the individuals of the United States that the manner in which they are rewarding the African Americans wasn't right. The Negroes of this time felt as though there was no expectation of being totally free until a daring and astute man stood up before a great many individuals on August 28, 1963 in Washington D. C. Martin Luther Kin g Jr. pens the eyes of numerous Americans with his useful tidbits in his I Have a Dream discourse, clarifying how the Negroes of America are being dealt with and what is going to happen to give the Negroes the opportunity they have been guaranteed. His influence and direct interest of their opportunity will make the individuals of the United States alter their way of living or serious results will come. One hundred years before King tended to his I have a fantasy discourse, President Abraham Lincoln marked the Emancipation Proclamation, intended to step by step free all captives of the domains who were still in disobedience to the Union.Along with the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, the Emancipation Proclamation was composed to permit all individuals of the United States to be free. Ruler makes reference to in the initial not many sections of his discourse that the Declaration of Independence was a â€Å"promissory note† to each American ensuring their †Å"unalienable rights† of â€Å"life, freedom, and the quest for joy. † Explaining that the government’s guarantee despite everything has not been satisfied, demonstrated by the African Americans’ absence of complete opportunity. Today is evident that America has defaulted on this promissory note, to the extent that her residents of shading are concerned†, â€Å"America has given the Negro individuals a terrible check. † The Negroes of America were all the while living through the hardships of isolation and segregation, which were guaranteed, in a few government archives, abolishment more than one hundred years prior. Ruler tells the nation that he requests the privileges of opportunity and until the entirety of the Negroes of the United States get their privileges they merit, they will never give up.He clarifies that the explanation that they don't have opportunity is on the grounds that the legislature and the individuals of the United States have persuaded the African American populace that they will in the long run get their privileges, with no aims of making a move to do as such. On the off chance that they don't get their privileges soon, he guaranteed that there would be an upset until all individuals of the United States are free.King consequently draws regard by saying â€Å"The radiant new militancy which has inundated the Negro people group must not lead us to a doubt of every single white individuals, for a significant number of our white siblings, as prove by their essence here today, have come to understand that their predetermination is tied up with our fate. What's more, they have come to understand that their opportunity is inseparably bound to our opportunity. † Honoring the individuals of the white race who were going to the discourse and communicating that each individuals’ future relies upon their freedom.He likewise gets regard by advising the individuals not to revolt through savagery while attempting to acquire their privileges of opportunity, looking for vengeance would just damage our populace and the country, in general. Being forceful could jeopardize the chance of ever getting total opportunity for the Negro populace. In the discourse, King never talked down on the white Americans for their demonstrations. Rather, he clarifies what the white race had done to expect him to remain before America that day.He additionally communicated what he looked like forward to the â€Å"brotherhood† and companionship with each white American soon, causing the individuals to acknowledge he doesn't need any predominance over the white race, just to be viewed as equivalent as them. Now in the discourse, he starts to clarify the amount he would acknowledge life as a free American and how he will appreciate the option to do as he may wish. To have the option to work to, make him effective yet to make an increasingly fruitful country in general. â€Å"Nine sixty-three is n't an end, yet a start. Lord realizes influence towards each race with this point in the discourse. Implying that it will be a conclusion to isolation, yet more significantly a starting to an amazing and effective country. The dark populace being choice bring more noteworthy innovations, hard working attitudes, and complete unionization. With the nation in complete solidarity it naturally makes it be more grounded in general. His influence to the dark populace comes enormously towards the finish of the discourse. He tells everybody that the â€Å"situation can and will be changed. By being so clear and guaranteeing, it gives certainty and inspiration to the individuals who are attempting to repair this circumstance to represent themselves and request what they merit. This announcement likewise tells the individuals who are rewarding the Negroes seriously that they have no other decision yet to give the blacks their ensured rights or there will be a wild and ceaseless unrest. The c easeless unrest could endanger the capacity of the nation and cause social and financial turmoil throughout.King finishes up his discourse with the popular I have a fantasy expressions and tunes. In the expressions he tells about how tranquil and charming total opportunity will be and how he dreams that one day soon he will see interracial fellowships of fraternity among youngsters and grown-ups of this nation. Having the option to cooperate, supplicate together, battle together, go to prison together, and go to bat for opportunity together will welcome numerous extraordinary impacts on the country and the people.Being â€Å"free at last† will improve the world a spot and will step by step make this nation the most grounded on the planet monetarily and socially. Martin Luther King Jr. ’s discourse was so persuading a direct result of his straightforwardness about what will be done to get the rights that the African Americans were guaranteed. Albeit the vast majority of the white race knew about how they were rewarding the blacks, King opened their eyes by causing them to understand that they Constitutionally merit indistinguishable rights from the white population.King was deferential all through the discourse, which undoubtedly helped the individuals comprehend and acknowledge the purpose behind his discourse. Albeit African Americans despite everything didn't get their privileges following this discourse, the discourse incredibly affected the eventual fate of the African Americans and the fate of this country. Incredible dangers accompanied King’s discourse however he was happy to face those challenges to make a superior future for the lives of numerous Americans.

Comorbid Manner In Context To A Case Study-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Comorbid Manner In Context To A Case Study? Answer: Presentation The report expects to talk about the pathophysiology of various interminable complex ailments happening in a comorbid way in setting to a contextual investigation. The concerned contextual investigation is of a multi year old woman, Angela who is enduring with three diverse comorbid condition to be specific Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder, hypertension and joint inflammation. We initially examine the pathophysiology of COPD and hypertension and afterward proceed onward the characterizing certain terms, for example, comorbidity, chronicity and unpredictability of ailments by and large lastly set up a likely connection between the comorbid conditions. Pathophysiology and related clinical indication of COPD and Hypertension Interminable Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder is an incendiary issue of the lungs that continuously develops and initiates clinical appearances, for example, ceaseless bronchitis, emphysema and promoting of the aviation route entry. Overall examinations have uncovered the confusion to be the third biggest reason for mortality making it one of the rising infections requiring the executives in the ongoing future. The most intense hazard factors recognized are introduction to tobacco. Indoor and open air toxins, hereditary qualities, sexual orientation, financial status and decreased lung volumes because of certain beforehand happening infections. There is an expand pathophysiology related with the malady that has been concentrated generally contemplated. Various fiery cells are related with COPD including CD8+, T-lymphocytes, B-cells, and macrophages. At the point when enacted by some remote particles fiery falls are initiated in these cells in the long run creating provocative middle pe ople, cytokines, chemokines and chemoattractants, for example, interferon gamma, tumor rot factor-alpha, fibrinogen, C-responsive protein, framework metalloproteinases, etc (Zakynthinos, Daniil, Papanikolaou Makris, 2011). These middle people continue the irritation initiating cut off tissue harm to the lungs in the long run impeding wind current. Further neurotic changes can be sedated by awkwardness in oxidant-cell reinforcement levels bringing about oxidative pressure, which may prompt inactivation of antiproteases and surfactants, hyper emission of bodily fluid, sub-epithelial fibrosis, bronchoconstriction and film lipid peroxidation. There are three significant clinical indications of the basic cell occasions. Versatile backlash weight and development of air in bronchioles essentially rely upon elastin proteins, which experience proteolysis in COPD patients. Thusly, wind current in the lungs is decreased because of narrowing of the section and air-catching happens. Drawn out ir ritation causes development of the bodily fluid organs covering the internal dividers of the lungs and disturbance of the mucocilliary transport framework dependable of clearing bodily fluid from the aviation routes, coming about aggregately into blocking wind current because of the nearness of abundance bodily fluid (Higginson, 2010). Further, narrowing of aviation routes is brought about by fibrotic renovating, which expands aviation route obstruction. Variables causing basic redesigning are develop of scar tissue, peribronchial fibrosis and overproduction of epithelial cells covering the aviation routes. In conclusion, surface territory of the alveoli is considerably diminished because of alveolar and bronchiolar epithelial cell apoptosis causing decreased vaporous trade and upset ventilation-dissemination, looking like histological highlights of Emphysema (Brashier Kodgule, 2012). Hypertension is the drawn out incessant height of the circulatory strain that may in the long run outcome into organ harm and expanded mortality. Significant clutters caused because of hypertension are coronary illness, renal disappointment, and cerebro-vascular ailments. To consider the pathophysiology behind hypertension we first investigate the physiological systems that control the circulatory strain in human body. Typical circulatory strain to a great extent relies upon the cardiovascular yield and the fringe vascular obstruction of the little arterioles encompassed by smooth muscles. Drawn out grouping of the smooth muscles because of expanded degrees of intracellular calcium particle fixation may prompt thickening of the blood vessel dividers causing irreversible ascent in fringe opposition. It has been hypothesized that at first hypertension is brought about by expanded heart yield due expanded thoughtful action; thusly to make up for expanded weight in the narrow bed fringe obstruction is expanded. Renin-angiotensin framework is the most significant endocrine framework controlling pulse. Renin emitted from the juxtaglomerular device of the kidney changes over angiotensinogen into angiotensin I which is quickly changed over to dynamic angiotensin II in the lungs. Angiotensin II is a strong vasoconstrictor and furthermore initiates arrival of Aldosterone which further raises pulse by water and sodium maintenance (Delacroix, Chokka Worthley, 2014). In patients with hypertension there is a diminished affectability to the baroreceptors and the baroreflexes are upset to fluctuated expansions concealment the impact of the renin-angiotensin framework. In conclusion, incitement of the thoughtful sensory system can cause both narrowing and dilatation of the arteriolar dividers. Expanded arrival of norepinephrine and expanded fringe affectability to the equivalent has been broadly seen in patients with hypertension. Be that as it may, examines have demonstrated t hat hypertension results from the communication of thoughtful and renin-angiotensin framework with other related factors, for example, sodium and water maintenance and activity of certain different hormones like eicosanoids, atrial natriuretic peptide, and nitric oxide, etc. (Safar O'Rourke, 2012) As an outcome of expanded vascular solidness and fringe vascular obstruction the heap on the left ventricle is considerably expanded causing left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic brokenness. Ventricular dystrophy may prompt serious cardiovascular issue and abrupt passings in specific examples. Ceaseless hypertension frequently prompts myocardial infraction and myocardial ischemia which further disturbs typical working of the heart. Strokes are the most widely recognized clinical signs of incessant hypertension for the most part because of apoplexy, thrombo-embolism and intracranial discharge (Humbert, 2010). Be that as it may, intense renal sicknesses are analyzed in later phases of t he hypertension and its movement is relatively more slow. Co-dreariness, Chronicity and Complexity Comorbidity is characterized as the event of at least two particular issue in an equivalent patient either simultaneously or in a specific consecutive example. Moreover it infers the communication between the infections, which frequently brings about condition a lot of more terrible than that brought about by a solitary malady. Be that as it may, the suitable definition for the term comorbidity is generally contended. Albeit all definition depend on a solitary idea of event of more than one particular clinical condition in a solitary patient, differentiation are frequently made dependent on the idea of the wellbeing state of the patient, noteworthiness of the co-happening condition, the time range and arrangement of the conditions and the patient unpredictability (Parekh Barton, 2010). Clinical administration and medicinal services costs are regularly higher for patients experiencing comorbid ailments. A few basic causal connections can be available that prompts comorbidity in a pati ent. A confusion might be legitimately answerable for causing another ailing condition. Backhanded impacts of one issue on another may cause comorbidity. Further, one issue can be related with certain hazard components of another confusion and in conclusion comorbid infections might be caused because of normal causal variables for them two. In straightforward terms incessant infections are characterized as those that keep going on a drawn out premise. Interminable condition are regularly more unpredictable than intense ones in that they are still less comprehended and don't carefully follow the reason impact relationship. It regularly includes a various complex factors that meet up to cause eccentric unfriendly impacts on the patient. Further, social, social and ecological elements assume an essential job in indication and treatment of the unhealthy condition. It has been contended that achievement in the clinical and pharmacological segments have expanded future by lessening mortality yet have neglected to oversee incessant infections effectively, on the opposite has expanded weakness towards mishaps and hazard factors for ceaseless ailment (Allotey, Reidpath, Yasin, Chan Aikins, 2011). Constant ailments require a delayed time of treatment intercession and clinical management. Alongside long haul clinical oversight, th e board of incessant sickness may rely upon a few different factors, for example, sociocultural components, openness of human services administrations, social perspectives on the ailment, legislative arrangements and projects identified with the infected condition, and the financial status of the patient. Complex illnesses are those which are brought about by a combined impact of a few hereditary, natural and way of life factors that are yet to be recognized particularly. As such infections don't display any direct example or legacy they are hard to analyze and treat. The contributing components of complex ailment are generally non-noticeable and happen in a comorbid way which makes it unrealistic to force a solitary factor as an infection causing one. Then again intricacy of a ceaseless infection is characterized as various morbidities in a patient simultaneously. It regularly requires individual focused consideration including more than one social insurance supplier. The higher the quantity of morbidities related, higher is the multifaceted nature of the patient. Every unpredictability requests an extraordinary arrangement of requirements and restrictions as indicated by which novel mediation programs must be structured. Self-administration and social help assumes a significant job in handling such sicknesses. Chronicity and Complexity of patients condition

Animal adaption report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Creature adaption report - Essay Example For example, a sunflower’s biological specialty is ingestion of water, lights, and supplements. Offering food to certain living beings and discharging oxygen in the environment (Daily, 2014). A basic adjustment is characterized as the physical attributes that a living being creates so as to get by in a specific situation. The video shows a sort of reptile that has grown sharp teeth to get a handle on tricky ocean growth. The created teeth is a case of adjustment that gives the reptile better probability of getting food therefore making due in the specific living space. They have additionally built up a level nose that causes them touch. Physiological adjustments represents the manner in which a life form changes or controls substantial capacities in light of a circumstance or its condition. A model from the video is the oxygen conveying limit that the iguana reptile has created to empower it plunge for up an hour to get kelp. The capacity to plunge profound empowers the iguana reptile to jump further subsequently discovering food. A case of social adjustment from the video is the movement of feathered creatures (gooney bird). Gooney bird move in light of their mating impulses. The social adjustment that gooney bird has created for mating permits their populace to accumulate in one spot and at a particular time and guarantees their progressing generation. In the previous occasions, cheetahs were pervasive and basic in different districts of the pre medieval world. Nonetheless, these days, they are donned in explicit pieces of the world essentially in sub-Saharan Africa, act out and detached North African areas, just as Iranian and Pakistani enclaves. The biggest Cheetah population’s focus is in Namibia, Southwest Africa. This spot is in this manner popular as the place where there is cheetahs. The cheetah’s diet incorporates warm blooded creatures extending from little to medium size, which are lighter than 40kg. A portion of these are impala, gazelles, and wildebeest calves. Other prey

Integration

Integration MIT is a melting pot of all sorts of people from different races, religions, backgrounds, you name it. It’s an exciting environment to be in, and sometimes in the middle of juggling classes, p-sets, terrifying exams and potentially life-altering decisions like declaring a major, it’s easy to take for granted the haven that is created Under the Dome, where people from all backgrounds imaginable work (whether tiredely or tirelessly is debatable) together bounded by immense love for learning. In recent weeks, the fact that such a renowned place as MIT decided to fling open its doors for students FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD and make it possible for them to receive an amazing education in such a conducive environment has been heavy on my mind, as has been the realization that in doing so, MIT is contributing towards the making of global citizens. Global citizens sounds awfully generic, one of those impressive terms thrown into a speech, but just by being in college, Im beginning to understand it. What makes the difference between me getting my degree here as opposed to from my college back in Nairobi? Yes, the facilities and faculty here are top-notch, but I really don’t think that’s the point. I’m here to get my world-view shifted, to force me to see things from a different perspective, and learn from that. I’m here to learn about other people and in the process get them to learn about me (action and reaction). My degree would truly be pointless if I left this Great Institute without having fundamentally changed in some way as a person. The only way this can happen is by interacting with people! Integration is hard. Everyone is different, so unique and outstanding in their own sense that finding common ground sometimes seems impossible. Everyone is brilliant and intimidating to everyone else, so that sometimes it’s similar to that moment where you’re terrified of the cockroach but it’s equally (or even more) terrified of you. Sometimes, you’re in a situation where you need to interact with someone else but they’re just so different you’re clueless as to where you’ll start. It really does happen. Sometimes, you have a stressful p-set on our mind and you’ve just come from a traumatizing calculus exam and the last thing you want to think about is your social skills (or lack thereof), so you decide to avoid the situation altogether (similar to what is called the ‘miss’ solution while dealing with conservation of momentum). You switch seats or put on headphones. The other party (also being somehow on edge due to General Institute Woe) takes this as some kind of polarization. You’d be surprised what a long way such small incidences go, and sadly, sometimes they’re never cleared up. Social dynamics are weird, complex and sensitive. They also heavily depend on who’s telling the story. Being open-minded is key in an environment like this where diversity is living and in action. Implicit bias plays a big role in interactions, and it takes conscious effort to meet people halfway and appreciate individual personalities. Personally, I get excited being in a conversation where people are talking about things I have no idea about, because I can chime in with the classic “What’s a cannoli?” question and have them try to describe it using words, then fail, and end up buying me a cannoli just to show me what it is. Sometimes, this happens in a slightly formal setting where I have to discreetly google ‘ramen’ to get some context in the discussion. But in all those moments, there’s a part of my brain always screaming, “YES! THIS IS WHAT I CAME HERE FOR!” Learning new things is exciting, but only if you feel comfortable to learn, and you don’t feel like you constantly have to prove yourself. In those moments, I’m quiet because I’m learning; in other moments, I talk so fast and so passionately about the beach in Malindi and the infamous Nairobi traffic and my hiking expeditions in the Rift Valley and my backpack made of authentic leather and sisal fiber that I run out of breath, and in t hose moments, I’m teaching, and someone else is learning. Change is uncomfortable and inevitable. What makes it better is the knowledge that change=growth. Sometimes, people speak so fast that I literally don’t understand what they’re saying, and these days I’m training myself to stop thinking it’s my fault and not making them repeat themselves and to start saying, “I’m sorry?” That small decision really helped to get me more involved in things that happen around me. Even in the intensity that blurs days at MIT, change, integration and global citizenship can happen, but only because of conscious and intentional effort. Regardless of where home is, be it three Red Line stops across Boston or ten time zones across the world, fitting in is a task. Its a two-way street. Appreciating other peoples experiences and acknowledging their validity even though they glaringly contrast your own is hard work, but come on. Were MIT students. Weve got this. Lets do it. :}

Prevention and Control of Diseases Coursework - 275 Words

Prevention and Control of Diseases and Health Conditions (Coursework Sample) Content: Prevention and Control of DiseasesNameInstructorQ1.Screening refers to that appliance of a medical process to those people who have no signs of a particular disease. The main aim of screening is determining the probability of having a disease. Therefore, a screening program that will find diseases that affects people less often in the community could only benefits few people, thus why the most important aspect to consider before carrying out a massive community screening, considering relative costs and resources, is a program that will screen for diseases that are common. The common diseases should be given the priority since it will help more people (McKenzie, Pinger, Kotecki, 2012).Q2.In the time of menopause, women experiences declining level of progesterone and estrogen thus having symptomatic changes for women. However, HRT can be efficient treatment for the typical menopause symptoms. According to studies on HRT, they should that the risk: benefit ratio can ris e significantly for those women with ages 60 years and above. The risk involved such as stroke, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer among others complications might have been the main thing that went wrong in the clinical studies (O'Connor-Fleming, Parker, 2008).Q3.HPV is said to be the most common Americanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s sexually transmitted disease. Merck Pharmaceuticals having introduced a vaccine that protects against the sexually transmitted virus raises many concerns not on the issue of risks but on the issue of ethics. In my opinion, I think the vaccine would makes things worse rather than good. On the issue of ethics, the vaccine will lead to some women letting their guard down when it concerns annual gynecological exams and safe sex (McKenzie, Pinger, Kotecki, 2012).Q4.On the issue of breast cancer and the age bracket is not relevant considering the past statistics on the range of women who have died of breast cancer. According to the Canadian National Breast S creening Study, 5% of the screenings are positive or suspiciou...

Obesity A Growing Factor Essay - 1307 Words

Obesity is a growing factor in the United States. Data confirms that there is an increase in fast food dining facilities across the United States as well as a decrease in nutritional information. Without an immediate change in this trend, obesity among young adults, specifically college students, will continue to transcend. Colleges and universities should start providing healthier food options for students to choose from, propose exceptional living and lifestyle coaching for students, and require general promotion of healthy living across the campus. Accordingly, the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) should offer healthier food choices for students, require healthy lifestyle information classes, and promote the University Fitness Center more often. Healthier students are superior learners and data claims that this can lead to a more successful life for those students (Basch 593-598). The transition from adolescence to adulthood can be difficult. With this upheaval, young adu lts begin composing independent decisions, such as, determining what food they desire to eat. According to the College and University Consumer Trend Report, there are nearly 16 million college students and the variety of healthy food only satisfies 28% of them. Furthermore, 44% of college students surveyed in this report claimed that their school’s dining program influenced their choice of school. In actuality, students do care about the food offered at each school they hope to attend (CollegeShow MoreRelatedShould We Assign Personal Responsibility For Obesity Epidemic?1649 Words   |  7 PagesShould we assign personal responsibility for obesity epidemic? Obesity is a growing threat to public health in the World and in the United States. Since 1960, the prevalence of obesity increased twice in the United States. 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Obesity is one of the biggest challenges facing healthcare today. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention report more than one-third of adults in the United States are obese and childhood obesity is at 17 percent

Overview And Description Of Clinical Documentation...

Overview and description of Clinical documentation Improvement The Clinical Documentation Improvement (CDI) has emerged as the most vital drive for overcoming the issues associated with maintaining a complete and good sound medical record. The CDI involves the process of improving the medical/health records documentation in order to promote effective patient outcome, data quality measures and accurate reimbursement for services and care rendered. The main focus of clinical documentation improvement is to enhance the clinical clarity of the health records which usually is practiced by the health information management (HIM) professionals, registered nurses, and a large group of other clinically oriented personnel (AHIMA, 2015). For a medical record to be meaningful and mirror the scope of treatment and services provided, it must be accurate and meet the established guidelines set forth by the governing bodies such as the Centers for Medicare and Medicare. The CDI specialists are one of the many professionals whose roles are to review clinical documentations and provide feedbacks to healthcare providers such as the Physicians. The feedbacks are intended to fill the gaps in the documentation that addresses issues with quality measures, coding and the general care of the patients. The need for achieving a successful clinical documentation is driving many healthcare organizations to adopt a CDI initiative toward the goal of improving patients’ quality of care andShow MoreRelatedNurse Managers At All Levels Work Essay2142 Words   |  9 Pagesfrontline nurses while contributing to an organization’s success.† (Frankel, 2011) The nursing leaders are advocates who directly affect the quality of the nursing care along with also having a positive impact on healthcare through leadership. Description of the health care system Yale-new Haven Health System is one of the Connecticut leading healthcare systems; the Health System consists of Bridgeport, Greenwich Hospital, in addition, Yale-New Haven Hospitals along with Northeast Medical GroupRead MoreEssay on Cpoe for Emory Healthcare2939 Words   |  12 Pages |Description |Name/Title | |Executive Sponsor |Provide executive support for the project |A, White | |Technical Lead |Provides all technology support for the project |E, Chen, Technical Lead | |Process Improvement |Advises team on process improvement techniques |Leland Choi, ProcessRead MoreEvaluation Of The Umuc Family Clinic Intake Process1599 Words   |  7 PagesFamily Clinic intake process, a detailed description of the current and the future processes were modeled. In Stage 1, it was fairly easy to uncover the extremely inefficient methods currently in place at the UMUC Family Clinic. The key inefficiencies that were identified included long wait times for the patient, a lack of an integrated phone response system (IVR), and an unorganized record process. Dr. Martin was precise in his request for improvements to the current state business processes;Read MoreCommunity Health Nursing Intervention And Evaluation Essay1957 Words   |  8 Pagesgeneralist community health nurse (CHN) provides population-level assistance to health care agencies through a variety of means. This assignment is meant to provide an overview of potential generalist CHN comm unity interventions. 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It is important that nurses should do the procedure accurately and with confidence. Since skills and knowledge are learned through experience, constant practice and good instructions, the practice of this procedure should be started as earlyRead MoreThe Origin And Effects Of Medication Errors6258 Words   |  26 PagesIntroduction/Statement of Problem Medication errors have contributed to healthcare issues and created problematic discrepancies affecting costs, safety issues, qualitative concerns, and economic effects. This review will provide the background, rationale, and the overview of multiple issues causing medication errors. Issues contributing to negative effects of the health system will be identified including how specific issues affect patients, and adverse drug effects. Effects on health costs will be reviewed as theyRead MoreAn Overview Of The Lead Provider Framework2381 Words   |  10 Pages1. Introduction This report aims to provide an overview of the Lead Provider Framework, with regards to its purpose and how it will fit into the CCG landscape. To do this, we will begin by exploring the role of CCG groups; understanding the political market and how services are commissioned through the procurement process. Moving onto how the Lead Provider Framework will enhance this process. Lastly, we will then move on to look at Capita’s distinct offering and delve into how this can add valueRead MoreApplication Of Ich Q9 As A Systemic Process For The Assessment, Control, And Risk Management2584 Words   |  11 Pagesdifferent process and ultimately links to the protection of patient. It also ensures the effort level, formality and documentation of the QRM process is appropriate with the level of risk. Product quality should be maintained throughout the product lifecycle such that the attributes as it is important to the quality of the drug product which remain consistent with those used in the clinical studies. It can further ensure the quality of drug product to the patient by providing a proactive means to identify

Adding Commas to a Paragraph

This exercise offers practice in applying the rules for using commas effectively. Before attempting the exercise, you may find it helpful to review this article on comma usage. In the following paragraph, insert commas wherever you think they belong. (Try reading the paragraph aloud: at least in some cases, you should be able to hear where commas are needed.) When you are done, compare your work with the correctly punctuated version of the paragraph on page two. The Least Successful Car In 1957 Ford produced the car of the decade--the Edsel. Half of the models sold proved to be spectacularly defective. If lucky the proud owner of an Edsel could enjoy any or all of the following features: doors that wouldnt close hoods and trunks that wouldnt open batteries that went dead horns that stuck hubcaps that dropped off paint that peeled transmissions that seized up brakes that failed and push buttons that couldnt be pushed even with three people trying. In a stroke of marketing genius the Edsel one of the largest and most lavish cars ever built coincided with the rising public interest in economy cars. As Time magazine reported It was a classic case of the wrong car for the wrong market at the wrong time. Never popular to begin with the Edsel quickly became a national joke. One business writer at the time likened the cars sales graph to an extremely dangerous ski slope. He added that so far as he knew there was only one case of an Edsel ever being stolen. When you are done, compare your work with the correctly punctuated version of the paragraph below The Least Successful Car (Paragraph With Commas Restored) In 1957[,]  Ford produced the car of the decade--the Edsel. Half of the models sold proved to be spectacularly defective. If lucky[,]  the proud owner of an Edsel could enjoy any or all of the following features: doors that wouldnt close[,]  hoods and trunks that wouldnt open[,]  batteries that went dead[,]  horns that stuck[,]  hubcaps that dropped off[,]  paint that peeled[,]  transmissions that seized up[,]  brakes that failed[,]  and push buttons that couldnt be pushed even with three people trying. In a stroke of marketing genius[,]  the Edsel[,]  one of the largest and most lavish cars ever built[,]  coincided with the rising public interest in economy cars. As  Time  magazine reported[,]  It was a classic case of the wrong car for the wrong market at the wrong time. Never popular to begin with[,]  the Edsel quickly became a national joke. One business writer at the time likened the cars sales graph to an extremely dangerous ski slope. He added that so far as he knew there was only one case of an Edsel ever being stolen.

The Marriage Act ( 1949 ) - 859 Words

According to the Marriage Act (1949), it provides for the restrictions on marriage, stating thus: â€Å"A marriage solemnized between persons either of whom is under the age of sixteen shall be void † Section 6 of the Marriage Act (1970) also requires that the marriage of any person under the age of eighteen must be with full consent . Section 11 of the Matrimonial Causes Act states thus: Nullity (11) Grounds on which a marriage is void. A marriage celebrated after 31st July 1971 shall be void on the following grounds only, that is to say: (a) that it is not a valid marriage under the provisions of [F11the [F12Marriage Acts 1949 to 1986]] (that is to say where: †¦ (ii) either party is under the age of sixteen †¦ It can be said that the lack of capacities and defective formalities which are known to the parties, makes the marriage incurably void and not appealable (as in the case of a voidable marriage which can be appealed) . The Children’s Act (2004) provides thus: The Children’s Commissioner is to be concerned in particular under this section with the views and interests of children so far as relating to the following aspects of their well-being-(a)physical and mental health and emotional well-being; (b)protection from harm and neglect; (c)education, training and recreation; (d)the contribution made by them to society; (e)social and economic well-being . The Children and young Persons Act (2008) also makes similar provisions for the wellbeing of a child to be the duty ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on Criminally Colored1234 Words   |  5 PagesHowever, this stance does not take into account the reality faced by Colored individuals. In 1949, a law was passed prohibiting mixed marriages, meaning that individuals of different racial designations could not be romantically or physically intimate. With this law in mind, being colored is a detriment because as such people were walk proof of a crime long ago committed. Looking deeper at the mixed marriage act as well as the relationships and attitudes between racial classes, in Zoe Wicomb’s shortRead MoreThe Goals Of Love And Romantic Relationships989 Words   |  4 Pagesclarifies, An act should not be written off as selfish or self-motivated simply because it includes some inevitable element of self-interest [or reward]. The act can still be counted as altruistic if the ‘selfish’ element is accidental; or, if not accidental, then secondary; or, if neither accidental nor secondary, then undetermining†¦ [This is the] very heart of ancient virtue, which can be defined as the perfection of our nature through the triumph of reason over passion. The truly altruistic act is theRead MoreWomen’s Treatment in Death of a Salesman1463 Words   |  6 Pages Happy demonstrated this several times through the play. For example, he called the first woman he had sex with a ‘pig’ (Miller, 1949, Pg 21). This behavior is very abusive and takes advantage of women to gain sexual pleasure. While Happy was talking to his brother Biff, he mentions that he’s sleeping with a soon to be married woman named Charlotte (Miller, 1949, Pg 25). Miller uses a very crude way of symbolizing adultery to show how people viewed women of this time period. Once again thisRead MoreSociety s Influence On The Practice Of Neolocal Residence And How It Differs Dependent On Place Of Origin1376 Words   |  6 Pagesto day life Sociology is constantly influencing us in many ways whether it is guiding us how to think, act, or even dress. Although our culture has these impacts on us, no two cultures are the same. Each one has its own specific set of morals and values and directly that influence the people. As we think about events in our lives, there a re many major milestones that shape who we are. Marriage is one of the largest events we will experience in our lives. As this is a large event, society greatlyRead MoreMarital Breakdown and Divorce Essay1094 Words   |  5 Pages Marital Breakdown and Divorce Over the last 40 years, sociological research has provided statistics suggesting a significant increase in the number of marriages ending in divorce. In this essay I aim to justify this increase and explain why statistics may give a misleading picture. The way I have decided to structure this essay is firstly to look at a brief history of the laws governing divorce over the last century, then to discuss the statistics and finally to concludeRead MoreHistory of Apartheid in South Africa730 Words   |  3 Pagespeople of African descent as inferior despite them being the majority. During the 19th century, British settlers tried to restrict the movement of black people in and around areas occupied by whites and controlled by the British. The South Africa Act of 1910 gave whites complete political control over all races. During World War II, Jan Smut led the United Party and began to loosen up on the segregation laws but the Sauer Commission was established in 1947 to focus on the relocation of blacks intoRead MoreDiscuss Changing Family Structures in the Uk and Give Examples of Sociological Theories That Provide Explanations as to Why and How Families Have Changed.1123 Words   |  5 Pagesthis society as families were a ‘unit of production’ so they needed as many workers as they could get. Michael Anderson (1971) argued that in ‘critical life situations’ there was a dependence on the extended family for help and support. Then Parsons (1949) said large families were economically beneficial, so the extended family was the most suited structure. However, during in the industrial revolution family life changed. It was no longer seen as a ‘unit of production’ but now a ‘unit of consumption’Read MoreThe Effect of Law Changes on the Growth of Divorce Rate Essay731 Words   |  3 PagesThe Effect of Law Changes on the Growth of Divorce Rate Divorce is the legal termination of a marriage. There is no doubt that divorce is much more common, becoming a norm almost. If present trends continue, it is estimated that 1 in 3 marriages will end in divorce, but is it the alteration in the legal grounds that is causing this trend? In this essay I will look at the other aspects that could be the foundation for the growth of divorce and state which I think is Read MoreHistorical Background Of The Era Essay1481 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the first acts passed was the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act, in 1949, which outlawed marriage between Europeans and non- Europeans. The following year new legislation banned sexual intercourse between Europeans and non- Europeans. Additionally, in 1950, the Malan government passed the population Registration Act, which categorized every South African by race, and subsequently required people to carry with them at all times a card stating their racial identity. This Act was later modifiedRead More John Wayne as an American Icon Essay1322 Words   |  6 Pagescareer as an actor, John Wayne won a variety of different awards, achievements and accomplishments. In 1950, at the Photoplay Awards, John Wayne won his first award when he received the award for the Most Popular Male Star because of his work in the 1949 film, Sands of Iwo Jima. Also in 1950, â€Å"The Duke† was nominated for Best Actor at the Academy Awards for Sands of Iwo Jima. In 1953, Wayne was named the World Film Favorite male actor at the Golden Globe Awards. Seven years later, John Wayne made a

Swot Nokia Mobile Exist Free Essays

Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats: Which is the most important? Why? How might your response change if you were the CEO of a corporation? What if you were a customer of the firm? An employee? A supplier? Answer: The SWOT strategy is one of the most useful tools in analysing data and information from the company. By using this SWOT tool, company will know itself clearly that which part is powerful, what to improve, what more can do and what to challenge.In my opinion, Threats is the most important overall because if there is no threats any more, companies will not be worried about the quantity of sales. We will write a custom essay sample on Swot: Nokia Mobile Exist or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example, NOKIA (mobile phone), if there is just NOKIA mobile exist in the mobile world without other types mobile companies like SONY ERICSSON or SUMSONG, then people definitely have to buy NOKIA due to it is the only mobile company.As if I were the CEO of a corporation, I would see Opportunities as the most important strategy when I used SWOT, because I need to look for and make the opportunities for my company to help the company gain more benefits. For example, company can increase its scale to become a big-scale company by corporate acquisition, and to do so, I, CEO of the company, need to seek for the opportunities for it, thus I think Opportunities is the most important. I will choose Strengths as the most important strategy if I were the customer of the firm. As customer, I would like to compare the products or services among several companies and then purchase for the greatest one. For example, buying skin care products, I will buy the product that I used as the most comfortable, soft and effective for my skin even if others are cheaper; however, if I were the employee for the firm, I would say weakness is the most important for me.This is because I need to know what the weakness while I’m working, and then I will try my best to fix and improve it. This can be done by customer feedback and after-sale services. For being a supplier to the firm, I would look at the Threats first. This is because I have to make sure that firm will make orders from me and one of the important problem is the plenty of competitors. This make the Threats as the most important thing that I would face. How to cite Swot: Nokia Mobile Exist, Papers

Night Women free essay sample

Perhaps it is a mosquito that has learned the gift of lighting itself. † (pg. 196) â€Å"We have never talked about love. What would he need to know? Love is one of those lessons that you grow to learn, the way one learns that one shoe is made to fit a certain foot, lest it cause discomfort. † (pg. 196) â€Å"There is a place in Ville Rose where ghost women ride the crests of waves while brushing the stars out of their hair. There they woo strollers and leave the stars on the path for them. There are nights that I believe that those ghost women are with me. † (pg. 197) â€Å"Sometimes I see in the folds of his eyes a longing for something that’s bigger than myself. We are like faraway lovers, lying to one another, under different moons† (pg. 197) â€Å"I tell him of the deadly snakes lying at one end of a rainbow and the hat full of gold lying at the other end. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Women or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † (pg. 197) â€Å"I want him to forget that we live in a place where nothing lasts. † (pg. 197) â€Å"No more, no more, or your teeth will turn black. (pg. 197) â€Å" Tonight he brings me bougainvillea. Its always a surprise†. (pg. 198) â€Å"I see his wife’s face in the beads of sweat marching down his chin. † (pg. 198) â€Å"I watch the piece-worker women march one another to the open market half a day’s walk from where they live. I thank the stars that at least I have the days to myself. † (pg. 198) â€Å"Darling, the angels have themselves a lifetime to come to us. † (pg. 198) 1) If, according to the character, there are two types of women: day and night, why is the story called Night Women? )What is the significance of the mosquitos and firefly? What do they represent? Why does they go to her son and not her? 3) Why doesn’t the character talk to her son about love? Why does she feel that it is something he must learn on his own? 4) What is the significance of the ghost women? 5) When the doctor arrives with bougainvillea, why does she say its always a surprise? Does she mean it? 6) What is going through her mind when she see’s the doctors wife in beads of sweat? ) When she see’s the piece-working women in the morning, why is she thankful she has this time to herself? 8) The last sentence of â€Å"darling the angels have themselves a lifetime to come to us† leaves the reader moved. What do you think about this ending and what it means to this character and her son? 9) While she clearly doesn’t enjoy her line of work, what is her motivation to continue doing it? 10) Her fantasies and fabrications to her son: do you feel that they beneficial or detrimental in his development?

Demon Hunter - Storm the Gates of Hell free essay sample

With their forthcoming album, the Christian Metal-core band Demon Hunter has returned with a breathtaking blow of force. Just the title itself gives insight on what the album is all about. Singer, Ryan Clark, his brother and guitarist, Don Clark have once again joined their like minds to create spiritual and at the same time, powerful hymns. With Jon Dunn on bass guitar, Ethan Luck on lead guitar and Tim â€Å"Yogi† Watts backing up on drums, Demon Hunter has returned to â€Å"Storm the Gates of Hell†. On the other hand, with songs like Storm the Gates of Hell and A Thread of Light they provide the same deeper meaning, while drilling in a sound that comes at you with full force. Yes, they do scream in some of these songs, but it works well and it doesnt draw your attention away from the instrumental parts of the songs. Its songs like these that I avidly enjoy because I appreciate harder rock, but sometimes its hard to find music in this genre that has a different, deeper, and original meaning. Overall â€Å"Storm the Gates of Hell† is great for all rock and metal fans alike. Its also a different way for Christians to worship, even though you dont have to be Christian to enjoy listening to this album. I can say this because its one of my favorite albums to listen to, and I myself am not a Christian. With catching melodies and a wonderfully smooth sounding lead, its an overall great CD. I would recommend it to anyone, Christians and Non-Christians alike.

The Creator Of Suspense Essays - English-language Films,

The Creator Of Suspense Alfred Hitchcock is one of the most well known directors of all time bringing murder and mystery to a new light. His films, starting in 1925 with The Pleasure Garden and ending in 1976 with the film Family Plot, set a precedent for all other directors in the film industry. Many story lines and techniques within the cinematography of Hitchcock are common standards for films of today. However, Hitchcock did not start out as a brilliant director, but instead started from the very bottom of the business. As a young man Hitchcock was raised and lived in England with his parents. When a new Paramount studio opened he rushed to get a job there having had interest in film making for quite a bit of time. He was employed at Paramount as a title designer for silent films meaning he wrote out the lines that are displayed after each shot in the film. From that job he worked his way up through the business to assistant director and directed a small film that was never finished or released. Hitchcock's directorial debut took place in 1925 with the release of the film The Pleasure Garden. His breakthrough film came just a year later with The Lodger, a film that came to be an ideal example of a classic Hitchcock plot. The general idea of the plot is an innocent man is accused of a crime he did not commit and through a web of mystery, danger, action, and of course love he must fi nd the true criminal. This plot came to be used in many of Hitchcock's films throughout his career both silent and talkie. It was not long before Hitchcock came to be known as the Master of Suspense. He was said to have not only mastered the art of making films but he also mastered the task of taming his own raging imagination. The first Alfred Hitchcock film I am going to address is his and England's first talkie which is the dramatization Blackmail. This film, released in 1929, was originally shot as a silent and some people say it should have remained as a silent. Nonetheless, it was a tremendous breakthrough for both Hitchcock and the British film industry for their first movie with sound. However, there were a few problems with this transition to sound. Anna Ondra who played the main female character Alice had a very thick Eastern European accent that came to be impossible to decipher on the film. This had never been a problem for her prior to Blackmail because she had only starred in silent films. This was a topic we addressed in class and we learned that a lot of European actors/actresses were out of work with the invention of sound movies because of thick accents. However, in Blackmail there was a solutionOndra's voice was dubbed over by an English actress named Joan Barry. By doing this voice-over the film could remain a talkie and they would not have to re-film. The film also was still using the synchronized sound so it was not as perfect as later techniques of putting sound to film. The film is about a young woman, Alice, who makes a bad character judgement about a stranger she meets. She is invited to the studio of a sketchy looking artist who would like her to pose for him, or so she thinks that is his intention. His true intention, however, is to sleep with her. Ultimately she has to fight off his unwanted attention and goes as far as killing him, in true Hitchcock fashion, with a knife. This murder lands her in a spiral of intrigue as she is caught between her boyfriend who is an investigating detective and a person who is blackmailing her. Alice wants to turn herself in, but if she did that she'd have to explain why she had put herself in such a position. Within this film is the typical Hitchcock story that the character wants to tell the police what has happened but they just can not do it. They know they'd never be believed so they must set out to defend themselves. This occurs in The 39 Steps, a film that will

The Most Important Soft Skill You Might Not Be Developing

The Most Important Soft Skill You Might Not Be Developing The most important skill people  attempting to address the â€Å"skills gap† tend to miss is actually problem solving! Employees: Improve Your Skills!As many as 77%   of employers are determining their new hires based on soft skills like problem solving, communication, and ethics. They know that without these kinds of skills, on-the-job training is more difficult for managers  and colleagues alike.If you are good at problem-solving, then you know how to learn independently- you’ll improve and develop as an employee no matter what context you’re working in. When you get frustrated, you turn that into motivation to find the answer instead of giving up. You know how to maintain  your problem-solving â€Å"muscles† so that they that kick in whenever the going gets tough.In order to improve your abilities, Tim Murphy, founder of ApplyMate, recommends exercise books that give you brainteasers or word problems to solve- these are  low stakes opportuniti es to build your skill set.Employers:  Find and Nurture  this Important SkillAs an employer, Pomeroy recommends developing screening protocols for job applicants, like  tests that ask prospective hires to solve real problems they’re likely to face on the job. Hiring managers  could even build in a collaborative component by asking them to talk through issues with current employees.If you’re looking at your current employees and noticing crucial deficits, consider offering employee training with personal coaches or monthly professional development presentations. You can give your employees agency to identify and address their own areas for improvement. In addition, allowing them to give presentations in groups or alone will build their sense of self-sufficiency. Prioritize problem solving, and you’ll cultivate a workforce that knows how to work together and independently; eventually they’ll solve problems before they happen.How to Identify and Trai n the Skill That Matters MostRead More at TalentCulture World of Work

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Education - Essay Example Therefore, it is imperative that clear standards and tenure be articulated and publicized (Dalager, 2011). Furthermore, the academic leaders who come up through faculty ranks sometimes develop close relationships with peers and often start viewing themselves as their advocates rather than their administrators. This creates biasness and nepotism, making employees not to believe on the process of evaluation, also affecting on the validity of data collection. Consequently, peer to peer evaluation is not considered as valid when it comes to students. There is no denying the fact that students play an integral role in the academic life of the university through their participation in the evaluation of the faculty by the Faculty Course Evaluation process, but in this case there is a fear of ‘grade inflation’. Students may also get biased in their decision. Other general problems in student evaluation of the faculty could be over interpretation about the instructor which only r eflects one aspect of teaching in the statistics. Students are sometimes unable to judge in an unbiased way or some unique aspects of teaching, therefore, the process concerns for reliability and validity (Diamond, 2011). While doing evaluation from faculty member, it is imperative that they should be all aware of terms and policies of the process. Lacking clear guidelines about the process and some specific legal situations causes ambiguity among faculty member and administrator. All such issues must be discussed with faculty and changes should be informed immediately to the staff. Coming towards tenure and promotion process, it has been noticed that for a successful institution, it is imperative that the policies described in tenure and promotion process should match the mission of an institution. If the priorities of an institution are not supported by the faculty reward system, it can create problems (Kelly, 2010). In general, the process usually involves an assembly of candidat es, in consultation with head of department. On this evaluation basis, high rank faculty department decides whether they should proceed with promotion or not. Other high rank officials do external evaluation. With all combine evaluations and recommendations, the decision is being made. If it is in favor of candidate’s promotion, then the head of department writes to dean of institution forwarding decision along with faculty votes. Further action is taken by dean who forwards the dossier to president of institute and which is then discussed in committee. Hence, the decision gets finalized after the board of trustees issues it. Difficulties with tenure process are not just an individual faculty concern that can be solved by minor adjustments; they are major institutional dilemma. Universities and colleges all over are working hard to find their place in rich mosaic of American higher education institution (Nebrasca, 2004). However, it is not impossible to improve the assessment process. It should be made satisfactory by involving more and more faculty members. Faculty should be examined by faculty administrators, legislators and senior faculty members not only through proper conversations but also through questionnaire filling and gathering statistical data. New faculty member are seen to be caught between the times. They are unable to show performance in accordance to the assessment

Le Corbusier's Toward's a New Architecture and Adolf Loos' Ornament Essay

Le Corbusier's Toward's a New Architecture and Adolf Loos' Ornament and Crime - Essay Example nt roles in the transformation of the conception of art and architecture, the dawning of a new age in styles and composition, making a mark in the discipline of architecture. In this paper, we will discuss and compare the similarities in the theories of Loos exhibited in â€Å"Ornament and life† to that of Le Corbusier’s â€Å"Towards a New Architecture†. We will discuss in specific, the most influential theory presented by Le Corbusier, in â€Å"eyes which do not see† in comparison to Adolf Loos’ â€Å"Ornament and Crime†, both relating to the need to emphasize the role of purpose or utility of an architectural structure and the absence of ornaments. The interesting aspect of the comparison between Loos and Corbusier lies in the two common vies they shared. On the one hand, the work of both is concerned with the autonomy of architectural means; on the other, both try, each in his own way, to place his work in a context, something which each makes particularly clear in his writing. (Risselada, Loos and Beek, 1). In Corbusier’s reading of â€Å"eyes which do not see†, he begins with explaining the need to see the connection between architecture and the new machine age, implying that architecture must focus not on art but on needs and functionality. He explains this aspect by comparing the evolution of architecture to the evolution of a car. In the beginning, the sole purpose was transportation, later began to give importance to durability, resistance and such. Further, they went on to incorporate luxury and style on having attained the basic necessity. With the lapse of time, appearance and luxury began to delude people and the main aspects were given less importance, as if resistance and durability were aspects that were to be sidelined. He believes that architecture has taken that direction, competing in beauty and magnificence, while failing to address purpose. This may be easily compared to the view of Adolf Loos in â€Å"Ornament and Crime†, where he

Effect of Alcohol on Human Sperm In Vitro

Effect of Alcohol on Human Sperm In Vitro EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON HUMAN SPERMATOZOA IN VITRO: SPERM CHROMATIN DISPERSSION TEST AND ROS. Omkar Pokharkar, Dr. Himanshu Patel, Madhuri Patel, Vidisha Bhatt. Abstract: This study was carried out to find the detrimental effect on human spermatozoa when exposed to alcohol/ethanol in vitro. For this study semen samples obtained from 12 healthy individuals were washed using the sperm preparation technique and each washed samples were divided into equal aliquots. Then ethanol at various concentrations of 60 mm and 120 mm were added to the aliquots labeled as test samples and samples without ethanol were considered as control samples. All samples with or without ethanol were incubated for 1 hour (60 minutes) at 370C. These samples when subjected to semen analysis after exposure to ethanol, it was found that samples added with 60 mm ethanol showed a decrease in motility and vitality, sperms in samples with 120 mm ethanol were almost static with minimum motility. Sperms in both test samples revealed degraded vitality. DNA fragmentation test or SCD when carried out it was revealed that ethanol caused DNA fragmentation in sperms and as the concentr ation of ethanol increased, DNA fragmentation also increased, motility of sperms decreased and morphology was affected to some extent such as the head and tail defects which was less in the control samples. The sample aliquots with 120 mm ethanol showed morphological abnormalities. The ROS test performed using Agarose-N-gel tubes on the unwashed/raw samples exposed to ethanol in different concentrations revealed the highest oxidative stress displaying dark purple color and unexposed samples showed light pink color indicating low oxidative stress. Reactive oxygenspeciescan damage DNA bases and can cause lesions that block the progression ofreplication. This study proved that, alcohol when consumed can destroy sperm mobility, vitality and causes high fragmentation levels. Keywords: Ethanol, sperms, DNA fragmentation, motility, vitality, ROS. INTRODUCTION: Alcohol is a drug which is classified as depressant, when consumed in low/controlled volume it can induce the stimulant effect, but if an individual consumes excess alcohol then he experiences the depressant effect. Alcohol is produced by fermentation of yeast, sugars, and starches. Alcohol gets absorbed rapidly from the stomach and small intestine into the bloodstream. Once alcohol enters the stomach, up to 20% of it gets absorbed and directly enters the bloodstream. Within minutes, alcohol reaches to the brain. Even various nutrients are not capable to pull this off. The remaining alcohol enters into the intestines and is absorbed along with the nutrients. Only a small amount of alcohol is excreted from the body through urine, sweat etc which is not enough to get rid of alcohol in the blood stream.When the alcohol is consumed, the human body is hardwired to metabolize alcohol immediately that means the body stops metabolizing all other things just to metabolize alcohol first becaus e protein, carbohydrates, and fat, can be stored whereas alcohol cannot be stored in the body so it has to be metabolized first and excreted as soon as possible. Alcohol can affect every organ in the consumer’s body and can damage the developing fetus in woman who is pregnant. Also alcohol has the potential to severely damage sperms. If alcohol consumption is fairly regular then it will affect sperm motility and vitality in men. Heavy alcohol consumption lowers the sperm count leaving the person infertile and the levels of free radicals generated due to alcohol can break DNA strands in the sperm cells. The aim of this study was focused on the effects of alcohol on sperms and mainly on the level of DNA fragmentation and oxidative stress caused in sperm samples due to alcohol in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the study of alcohol effects on sperms in vitro, Semen samples from 12 healthy men (non-alcoholic) aged 21 – 27 were collected in wide mouthed sterile collection containers and Sperm samples were obtained during 3-4 days of sexual abstinence and liquefied for 20-30 minutes at room temperature. The quality of the sperm is judged on the basis of its morphology and movement patterns or motility and vitality. For in vitro study, sperm samples from healthy individuals were washed by swim up from pellet method, which is a very common method for retrieval of viable sperms and has a high success rate. All the washed samples were divided in 3 equal aliquots of 0.5ml. Ethanol in different concentrations of 60mm and 120 mm respectively were added to 2 sample aliquots labeled as test samples and 1 aliquot was un-exposed to alcohol labeled as control sample. These samples were incubated for 60 minutes at 370C and subjected to semen analysis according to the guidelines set by world heal th organization. Sperm count and motility evaluation was done under bright field microscope, morphology was studied by making smears of sperms on the slides and was stained using Giemsa stain. pH was observed by using a pH strip and vitality of the sperms were noted by staining sperms with eosin and nigrosin stain. Morphology was judged by referring the types of sperm deformities proposed by WHO (World Health Organization., 2010). Motility was calculated by using a formula: 100 X (number of motile spermatozoa)/ (total number of spermatozoa counted). Also for calculating vitality percentage: 100 X (number of viable spermatozoa)/ (total number of spermatozoa counted). More than 500 spermatozoa per ejaculate were evaluated for estimation of sperm motility and vitality. The outcome of this analysis was noted. The rest of the control and test samples were used for DNA fragmentation test. SPERM CHROMATIN DISPERSION TEST: The test aliquots were added with various concentrations of alcohol (60mm and 120mm respectively) to see what concentration of alcohol will affect the DNA of the sperms. The control sample (0.5 ml) with no ethanol and 2 test samples (0.5 ml each) mixed with ethanol incubated at 370 C for 60 minutes were subjected to DNA fragmentation test. Requirements per sample were 3 coated slides, 1 for control and other 2 for test. The procedure involved addition of sperm samples of both test and control to agarose tubes which were previously boiled for 2 minutes. After adding and mixing the 40 Â µl droplets of sperms from both control and test samples in the agarose tubes, a total of 150 Â µl droplets of sperm samples from each tube was extracted using micropipette and was laid on pre-coated slides. Cover slips were placed on the droplets for even distribution of sperm sample immersed in agarose matix on the slide. The 3 slides of 1 control and 2 test samples were kept inside a fridge for 6 m inutes to solidify the agarose gel in which sperms were added. After this step, cover slips were removed in such a way that the gel integrity was not disturbed. Acid denaturant (1 ml) was laid on the slide for 7 minutes and was drained. Then 1ml of lysis solution was overlaid on the slide for 20 minutes and was drained. Then both test and control slides were washed with 20 ml of distilled water and were overlaid with 1 ml each of dehydrating solutions 1, 2, 3 for 2 minutes each. After disposing or draining the dehydrating solutions, the slides were air dried for few minutes. Stain was prepared by mixing stain solution and stain diluting solution. The slides prepared for each of the 12 samples were stained for 3 minutes and were washed in a beaker filled with tap water to remove excess stain. Slides were again air dried for few minutes before observing under bright field microscope for halos. For calculating percentage of DNA fragmentation: 100 X (Number of spermatozoa with fragmente d DNA)/ (Total number of spermatozoa counted). More than 450 spermatozoa per ejaculate were evaluated for estimation of sperm DNA fragmentation (Omkar pokharkar et al., 2015). For this study, A Sperm DNA Fragmentation Detection Kit called ‘CANfrag’ [REF No.CA-001], provided by ‘CANdORE Bioscience’, Ahmedabad, Gujarat was used to assess the levels of sperm DNA fragmentation in the samples. This entire procedure was followed for all 12 samples and it took around 18 days (10th February –27th February, 2015) for completion of the study and to arrive at results. ROS (reactive oxygen species) test: A Reactive Oxygen Species detection kit called ‘CANros’ [REF NO.CA-002] also provided by ‘CANdORE Bioscience’ was employed for mapping oxidative stress in exposed and un-exposed samples. Along with washed samples of test and control, 2 aliquot (test) of raw samples of 0.5 ml each was also added with ethanol in various concentration of 60mm and 120 mm respectively and control raw sample of 0.5ml was un-exposed to alcohol. After incubation of both control and test samples for 60 minutes in an incubator at 370C, ROS test was conducted by heating the Agarose N-Gel tubes in boiling water at 90-100Â ºC for 2 minutes to melt the gel. The tubes were cooled down for 2 minutes at room temperature before addition of the sample. 0.2 ml of semen sample was added and mixed thoroughly with the melted agarose gel and air bubbles were avoided. The Agarose-N-gel tubes were then placed in an incubator at 37Â ºC for 60 minutes. After incubation the color changes were observed immediately and were compared with the color code mentioned in the ROS kit to determine the level of oxidative stress present in the sample (Omkar pokharkar et al., 2015). The results of this test were noted. RESULTS: The pH of both exposed samples (60mm and 120 mm) was in the abnormal range. Alcohol affected the pH of the samples in which it was added and increased with the increase in the concentration of alcohol. Morphology of sperms was affected by alcohol to some extent only in samples with 120 mm ethanol/ 0.5 ml of sperm sample. The sperm count in all the samples remained in normal range at these concentrations. The average sperm count for all samples throughout the study was in the range of 60 to 70 million sperms/per ml. The average percentages of motility and vitality obtained for all 12 samples were calculated and framed in the table below. Results are mentioned in the chart and table form below: Table I. Semen parameters for both alcohol exposed and un-exposed samples Chart I. Effect of alcohol on sperm motility The motility in sperm samples was decreased due to alcohol exposure. Motility in samples un-exposed to alcohol showed excellent motility and samples exposed to the alcohol showed a decrease in the motility as the concentration of alcohol increased. Chart II. Effect of alcohol on sperm vitality The chart mentioned above indicates that, the sperm un-exposed to the alcohol showed an excellent range of vitality percentage while the exposed samples at various concentration of alcohol showed a constant drop in the vitality percentage. The table mentioned below represents the average DNA fragmentation percentages obtained for all 12 samples. Table II. DNA fragmentation in exposed and un-exposed samples Chart III. Sperm DNA fragmentation due to alcohol Figure I. Original picture of DNA fragmentation slide un-exposed to alcohol (control slide) It is evident from the picture above that, the samples un-exposed to ethanol showed maximum sperms with intact DNA displaying large halos. On the other hand, the samples exposed to ethanol in concentrations of 60mm and 120mm showed maximum sperms with fragmented and degraded DNA and revealed minimum sperms with intact DNA displaying small and no halos. Below is the picture showing fragmented and degraded sperms. Figure II. Original picture of DNA fragmentation slide exposed to alcohol [60mm and 120mm (test slide)] ROS (reactive oxygen species) TEST. ROS test were performed using freshly collected semen samples. Test aliquot of core samples exposed to alcohol at concentration of 60mm/0.5 ml and the 2nd test aliquot exposed to alcohol at concentration of 120mm/0.5 ml of semen sample produced dark purple colour. On the other hand control aliquot un-exposed to alcohol showed light pink colour. Low levels of ROS (un-exposed samples). light pink Table III. Reactive oxygen species result for alcohol Dark purple color was obtained for both test samples which indicated that highest level of oxidative stress was induced in the sample due to alcohol. Whereas samples un-exposed (control) to alcohol showed light pink color. Alcohol, at even low concentrations can achieve highest levels of ROS. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that alcohol in high concentrations can damage the sperms in every possible way and make it non-viable. The results mentioned above point out to the fact that as the alcohol/ethanol concentration increases, the sperm quality decreases. Motility in control samples was greater as compared to both the test samples (see Chart I). Vitality in sperm samples went on degrading as the ethanol concentration increased (see Chart II). Morphological abnormalities were mostly scored on the test slides with 120 mm ethanol and samples with 60 mm ethanol and control samples with no ethanol showed a normal range of morphological defects and pH of samples also increased with the increase in concentration of alcohol (see Table I). This indicated that the alcohol in high concentrations can damage the physical appearance of sperms. The number of sperms with fragmented DNA was most prominent in the test samples with 120 mm ethanol and 60 mm ethanol. On the other hand, control samples sho wed fewer fragmentations (see Table II and Chart III). The sperms with fragmented DNA disperse small halos and most of the time no halos were observed (see Figure II) and sperms with intact DNA disperse big halos (see Figure I). By this method, it becomes easy to map the fragmented and non-fragmented DNA of the sperms. ROS test was conducted to evaluate the findings and it gave the further evidence of fragmentation caused due to alcohol in vitro by achieving dark purple color in the Agarose-N-gel tubes by reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium and un-exposed samples managed to display light pink color indicating low levels of free radicals (see Table III). Reactive oxygenspecieshas the potential to damage DNA bases and can cause lesions that blocks progression ofreplication. Damaged sperm chromatin contains base adducts and the prominent adducts found in human sperm DNA are 8OHdG (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine or 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2–deoxyguanosine) present in nuclear and mitochondr ial DNA is one of the predominant forms of free radical-induced oxidative lesions, and is widely used as a biomarker for oxidative stress and carcinogenesis also two ethenonucleosides such as 1,N6-ethenoadenosine and 1,N6-ethanoguanosine are found in sperm DNA. Single strand breaks are the direct consequences of oxidative attacks on sperm DNA. DISCUSSION: As the coin has 2 sides, alcohol too have a good and a bad side. It depends how the individual use the alcohol and for what purpose. Alcohol is in use for scientific purposes as well as for production of beverages such as beer and wine for centuries. Applications of Alcohol in the field of science date back to 18th century when it was used for dressing up the wounds and to sterilize the equipment for surgery (civil war in U.S. 1850’s). Today along with these applications, alcohol is also used as antifreeze, preservatives, fuels, and also as solvents. But high consumption of alcohol is not beneficial in any way; Addiction to alcohol could severely damage the reproductive system of that individual making him infertile. A few studies around the world indicated that consumption of alcohol every day can effectively reduce the sperm count and quality of the sperm degrades as the consumption of alcohol increases. The people with disorders such as ‘auto brewery syndrome’ (gut fermentation syndrome) have very less reproductive capabilities. In this type of syndrome body produces alcohol through endogenous fermentations within the digestive system. A fungal infection of ‘Saccharomyces cerevisiae’ in gastrointestinal tract is responsible for this condition. This constant production of alcohol leads to several other body problems such as kidney failure, liver dysfunction and leydig cells in the testes are damaged which are responsible for production of testosterone and the levels of testosterone in blood drops and also Sertoli cells present in the testes are affected which interferes with sperm maturation. Immature sperms present in the ejaculateare not capable to move and fertilize the egg. The aim of this study was focused on in vitro effects of ethanol which involved direct exposure of ethanol to sperms which caused more damaging effect. However, in vivo study of effects of alcohol on sperms would produce more promising and accurate resu lts as compared to in vitro study because alcohol undergoes elimination by various metabolic mechanisms that occur in the body. The enzymes involved are aldehyde dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, cytochrome P450 and catalase. The interaction occurring between alcohol byproducts obtained after metabolism and other cell components, leads to the formation of dangerous compounds such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Alcohol metabolism occurs primarily in the liver. Alcohol undergoes detoxification procedure and gets eliminated from the blood by the process termed as oxidation. Oxidation inhibits accumulation of alcohol and prevents destruction of cells and other organs in the body to some extent. So the in vivo results would be much different than in vitro study as the alcohol undergoes metabolic paths. In in vitro study direct exposure of ethanol caused high fragmentations and more damage was inflicted to the sperm parameters (motility, vitality, morphology, and pH). It can be con cluded that, consumption of alcohol is associated with degradation of sperm quality which can be reversed to some extent upon alcohol consumption discontinuation which would reduce the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and intake of antioxidants on a regular basis would maintain low concentration of free radicals and will protect the DNA of sperms from damage. AKNOWLEDGEMENT: Authors would like to thank the entire team of stem cure pvt ltd, center for reproductive medicine and stem cell development – Ahmedabad, India, for their contribution whenever needed. Authors would also like to thank Komal Patel for providing laboratory equipments to carry out this study. REFERENCES: [1] World Health Organization. (2010). WHO laboratory manual for the Examination and processing of human semen (5 ed.). (D. T. Cooper, Ed.) geneva, Switzerland. [2] Omkar pokharkar et al. (2015). Effect of Wi-Fi radiations on sperms in vitro:Sperm DNA fragmentation test and ROS. International journal of healthcare sciences, III(1), 26-30.

River Road Community

We re all going to have to learn how to walk again. After a nuclear holocaust devastates the country of the United States, the people of the River Road Community have to work through adversity and strive for the survival of every family. Households have to do without the things they would usually have taken for granted. They have to bond together to fight the trials of learning to walk. Frank s quote demonstrates his understanding of the task ahead of them as they start to learn to live again. They would have to begin by crawling before they can once more stand-up on both feet. Frank s quote is manifested throughout the story by the observed changes in the lifestyle of the community, the ways in which the diminishment of supplies are dealt with, and how the loss of community members forces others to take on new roles. After the nuclear holocaust, the lifestyle of the River Road community changed drastically. Before The Day, many residents of the community were wastrels. These rejects of society lived each day to eat, drink, and sleep. They lacked the drive to succeed in everyday life. After the bomb drop, everything changed. These blots on modern society crawled out of their shells in order to contribute something to a struggling society. They worked hard on construction and other things that would help the community. This strenuous work gave these once slobs a new outlook on life as well as the regular exercise they lacked. But, this sudden increase in work was not the only variable playing a role on them. After the bomb, anarchy broke out among community and surrounding towns. Highwaymen robbed the innocent, and people were taken advantage of. They had to start over. Randy gained leadership for the community. The next part was to gain control. He and other community members formulated a plan in which to regain control. Once it was obtained, laws were made that would govern the growing community. The government had started all over again. Another lifestyle serve was in the economy. The US currency no longer had value. With no gold to back up the paper money, it was worthless (except as toilet paper). Instead, the River Road community relied on the barter system. Trades were made for the items that were needed. If one person needed a spoon, they could trade some honey for it. Because of the nuclear holocaust, the lifestyle of the River Road community changed. Another way in which the community had to learn how to walk again, arose from the lack of supplies. Before The Day, many residents live on a diet of beer and nuts. After the bomb incident, many of the foods found in the pre-bombed world were no longer available. During chapter 666, the food supply runs terribly low. Helen and Lib create a new salad using leaves and other greenery found around the house. This new salad would never have been attempted had it not been for the lack of food due to the holocaust. The nutritional value of this green salad, compared to the beer and nuts, shows a positive improvement in nutritional content of their diet. Another loss came as a result of the loss of running water after the nuclear holocaust. Not long after the water was cut off the tub supplies and other rations of water, which had been stored up, were running out. The community had to limit its use of water and cut back on things that on a pre-bomb day would have seemed natural (like flushing the toilet or taking a bath). The community adapted the Artesian water to use as their source for water. This water was not as nice as the purified water they had previously had, but it was water none-the-less. The harnessing of this water required the help of many. LALALAALA. Also, when medical supplies ran low, things had to be improvised. With just the aid of a billiard table, steak knives, darning needles, hair curlers, and nylon line, Dan operated on Ben Franklin, removing his appendix. This is just one example where things had to be invented due to a lack of supplies. They also decided to use hypnotism as a form of anesthesia. Dan could speak a few sentences, and they would fall into malleable trance. He would then be able to operate without the patient feeling the procedure. Another example of the River Road community having to learn to walk again would be with food preservation. Without the use of refrigerators and other systems for keeping food fresh, there was a great need for salt. The salt could be used to preserve most meats. An animal could be slaughtered, and part eaten for a meal. The remaining portions of the animal could be salted and kept for a while. Towards the end of July, Randy noticed the salt supplies running dangerously low. He and many other members of the community had to set sail in search of a source for salt. They did return triumphantly with many bags of salt. These are all ways in which the community has adapted to a loss of supplies and had to work through the adversity and learn to walk again. The last way in which the River Road community had to learn to walk again was how the loss of community members forces the others to take on new jobs. When the towns were bombed, many skilled people were lost. Jobs needed to be filled and the residents of the River Road community rose to the challenge. Helen served as the barber for the group, cutting everyone s hair. Randy was the leader. He took control of the group and returned order to an anarchical society. Dan took over as the full time doctor, and Lib took over most of the cooking. Many Frank s quote, we re all going to have to learn how to walk again†¦, is manifested throughout the story by the observed changes in the lifestyle of the community, the ways in which the diminishment of supplies are dealt with, and how the loss of community members forces others to take on new roles. The great disaster affected everyone, and everyone pulled together to strive through the hard times. The community, crippled by the nuclear blast, regained strength and managed to walk again. The road there was filled with hardship and pain, but the path made them stronger. The River Road Community survived the nuclear holocaust, even though they had to learn how to walk all over again.